There was a tradition that the country of Narbonne was once occupied by Bebryces. Dio Cass. The earliest writer who mentions Narbo is Hecataeus, quoted by Stephanus; and, accordingly, we conclude that Narbo was well known to the Greeks in the fifth century before the Christian aera. The second was Narbo Martius, by which the Romans secured the road into Spain. When P. Crassus invaded Aquitania B. In the great rising of the Galli B. A second colony was settled at Narbo, or the old one rather strengthened by a supplementum under the dictator Caesar Sueton.
Some of the tenth legion, Caesar's favourite legion, were settled here, as we may infer from the name Decumanorum Colonia. The name Julia Paterna, which appears on inscriptions and in Martial, is derived from the dictator Caesar. The establishment of Narbo was the cause of the decline of Massilia. Strabo, who wrote in the time of Augustus and Tiberius, says iv. The tin of the north-west part of the Spanish peninsula and of Britain passed by way of Narbo, as [p.
There was at Narbo a great variety of dress and of people, who were attracted by the commercial advantages of the city. It was adorned with public buildings, after the fashion of Roman towns. Martial, 8.
Narbo ; Sidon. A temple of Parian marble, probably some poetical exaggeration, is spoken of by Ausonius; and Sidonius enumerates, in half a dozen miserable lines, the glories of ancient Narbonne, its gates, porticoes, forum, theatre, and other things.
He speaks of a mint, and a bridge over the Atax. The coast of Narbonne was and is famed for oysters. Not a single Roman monument is standing at Narbonne, but the sites of many buildings are ascertained.
Numerous architectural fragments, friezes, bas-reliefs, tombstones, and inscriptions, still remain. Some inscriptions are or were preserved in the courts and on the great staircase of the episcopal palace. There is a museum of antiquities at Narbonne, which contains fragments of mosaic, busts, heads, cinerary urns, and a great number of inscriptions. La Nautique, and on the islands of the lagoon such as Saint-Martin. The harbour system of ancient Narbo Martius, which is located around the current city Narbonne in the south of France, is shaped by a fluvio-lagoonal geomorphological unit.
The upper part of this unit corresponds to the alluvial plain of the River Aude, where the city of Narbonne was founded. Today, these three lagoons are separated from the sea by a barrier beach running from Port-la-Nouvelle in the south to Gruissan in the north and cut by three inlets, from south to north, the Port-la-Nouvelle inlet, the Vieille-Nouvelle inlet and the Gruissan inlet. According to the ancient sources, the city of Narbonne was located at the mouth of the Aude river but it is no longer the case.
Very considerable changes transformed the landscape of the area. The most important was the undated avulsion of the river which now flows to the north of the Massif de la Clape and exits into the sea at Vendres. The second very important change of the landscape is the progradation of the coast since antiquity, principally due to the alluvium transported by the Aude river. This geomorphological process has been studied by different scholars but the location of the coast during the Roman period is still unclear Ambert ; Ambert ; Cavero The geographical location of the Narbonne area at the mouth of the Aude River makes the city an important nodal point between Italy and Spain and between the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean through the Gallic Isthmus.
These links are improved during Roman period by the construction of the Via Domitia and the Via Aquitania. The importance of the port and its links is underlined by the ancient authors, notably Strabo who mentions the port as the most important of the region Geography , IV, 1, 6 and as the emporium of all Gaul Geography , IV, 1, Historical background By C.
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